The combination of large numbers of species with relatively poorly circumscribed groups within the genus has meant that Solanum taxonomy has proceeded in a piecemeal fashion until relatively recently.
Subsequent work on the taxonomy of Solanum has largely been limited to rearrangements of infrageneric taxa, or to the species-level revisions of smaller groups within the genus (see references in Table 1) and floristic treatments. The last time the genus was monographed in its entirety was in Candolle’s Prodromus ( Dunal 1852) which included 900 Solanum species. By 1816, when Dunal revised this work ( Dunal 1816), this number had risen to 321 many of these additional taxa were based on specimens collected by Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland in tropical South America (see Knapp 2007b). The French botanist Michel-Félix Dunal included 235 species in his thesis ( Dunal 1813), mostly the result of extensive European exploration of the Americas. The genus was one of Linneaus’s (1753) larger, with 23 species mostly described from European or African material. Solanum is recognised by its usually pentamerous flowers with fused sepals and petals, stellate to pentagonal corollas, and stamens with short filaments and anthers opening by terminal pores. Knapp, unpubl.) occurring on all temperate and tropical continents, the genus occupies an incredibly wide range of habitats and habits, but the highest diversity of both groups and species occurs in circum-Amazonian tropical South America. is one of the ten most species-rich genera of flowering plants ( Frodin 2004).
REMEDIOS PARAISO GOMEZ PEER REVIEW FULL
Full descriptions and synonymies (including designations of lectotypes or neotypes), preliminary conservation assessments, illustrations, distribution maps, and an extensive list of localities are provided for all species. One new species from southern Ecuador, Solanum agnoston S.Knapp sp. The clade is here divided into five morphologically and geographically delimited species groups to facilitate further study. The flowers of members of the group are generally very showy, and several species (e.g., Solanum crispum Ruiz & Pav., Solanum laxum Spreng., Solanum seaforthianum Andrews) are popular ornamental plants that have occasionally escaped from cultivation and become naturalised. Variation in leaf shape and pubescence density and type is also extreme and has lead to the description of many minor morphological variants as distinct species. Many of the species in the clade are quite variable morphologically plants are shrubs, herbaceous vines or woody canopy lianas, and habits can vary between these states in a single locality. These infrageneric groups are not monophyletic as traditionally recognised, and the complex history of the classification of the dulcamaroid solanums is reviewed. The group comprises members of the previously recognised infrageneric groupings sect.
The Dulcamaroid clade of Solanum contains 45 species of mostly vining or weakly scandent species, including the common circumboreal weed Solanum dulcamara L.
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